This article covers trade and investment links between India and Poland: bilateral trade figures, the main goods traded, investment in both directions and the economic agreements in force. It is based on the MEA bilateral brief of June 2026, and all figures are as given in that brief.

Background

According to the MEA brief of June 2026, trade and economic interactions during the Communist era were planned and conducted by state trading organisations, underpinned by rupee clearing arrangements. After 1989, India and Poland transitioned to hard currency trading arrangements, which the brief says were sustained by rising levels of trade as both economies grew. The brief states that Poland became India's key economic partner in Central Europe after it joined the EU.

The brief records that the India-EU FTA was concluded in Delhi in January 2026. It describes Poland as continuing to be India's largest trading and investment partner in Central & Eastern Europe.

Bilateral trade

The brief states that over the period 2013-2025, total bilateral trade increased by 192%, from US$1.95 billion in 2013 to US$ 6.36 billion in 2025. It adds that the balance of trade continues to be largely in favour of India.

The brief's table, based on data from the Central Statistical Office of Poland on a calendar year basis (January to December), gives the following figures in US$ million:

  • 2013: Indian exports 1465, imports 491, total 1956
  • 2014: exports 1722, imports 552, total 2274
  • 2015: exports 1747, imports 464, total 2211
  • 2016: exports 2099, imports 669, total 2769
  • 2017: exports 2444, imports 736, total 3180
  • 2018: exports 2136, imports 818, total 2955
  • 2019: exports 2120, imports 731, total 2851
  • 2020: exports 2100, imports 632, total 2733
  • 2021: exports 3185, imports 1122, total 4307
  • 2022: exports 4086, imports 1483, total 5569
  • 2023: exports 3959, imports 1761, total 5720
  • 2024: exports 4360, imports 1440, total 5800
  • 2025: exports 4830, imports 1530, total 6360

Main items traded

The brief lists the top 10 items of Indian export to Poland as textiles and textile articles; base metals and articles thereof; products of the chemical industry; machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical and electro-technical equipment; footwear and headgear; transport equipment; plastic, rubber and materials thereof; prepared foodstuff; articles of stone, ceramic products and glass; and vegetable products.

The top 10 items of Indian import from Poland are given as machinery and mechanical appliances, electrical and electro-technical equipment; mineral products; base metals and articles; plastic, rubber and articles thereof; products of the chemical industry; optical, photographic, measuring and checking instruments; transport equipment; miscellaneous manufactured articles; pulp of wood, paper and similar; and articles of stone, ceramic and glass.

Textiles remain the largest segment of Indian exports to Poland. According to the brief, Polish imports of textiles and textile articles from India grew to US$ 645 million in 2023. The brief also notes that chemical products figure in the top 5 export items from India to Poland, with organic chemicals taking the lead.

Indian investment in Poland

As of June 2026, the brief estimates Indian investment in Poland at over US$ 3 billion. It states that Indian companies have created a substantial number of jobs locally, and that Indian IT companies which have invested in Poland are estimated to employ nearly 10,000 Polish nationals.

Indian companies operating in Poland in the IT and outsourcing sectors include Genpact, Infosys, KPIT-Info systems, HCL, Tata Consultancy Services, Wipro, L&T Tech and Zensar Technologies. Other Indian companies with a presence in Poland include UFLEX, Essel Propack and VVF. Companies that entered the Polish market through acquisitions include Berger Paints India, Escorts, Glenmark Pharmaceuticals, Lambda Therapeutics Research, Lumel SA and Tata Global Beverages.

Polish investment in India

Total Polish investment in India is estimated in the brief at $685 million. Major Polish companies operating in the Indian market include TZMO, Can Pack, Polmor, SECO/WARWICK and Maflow Group.

The brief gives further examples:

  • Billenium, an IT company, opened its office in India in 2017.
  • EKOLOG, a firm focused on clean technologies, entered the Indian market in 2016 and won a tender to build an Integrated Solid Waste Management Center for the Bengaluru airport.
  • The Polish bus maker Solaris has entered into a joint venture with JBM Auto to produce electric buses for the Indian market.

Economic agreements and partnerships

Among the operational bilateral agreements listed in the brief, the following relate to trade and the economy:

  • Agreement on Avoidance of Double Taxation (1989)
  • Agreement on Economic Cooperation (2006)
  • Protocol on amending the agreement on avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion with respect to taxes and income (2013)

The brief also records that six State-to-State cooperation or partnership agreements exist between India and Poland, with an emphasis on economic and commercial cooperation.