This article covers sectoral cooperation between India and Poland in mining and energy, food processing, defence, security and legal matters, science and digital technology, including the Indian IT presence in Poland, and health and pharmaceuticals. It is based on the MEA bilateral brief of June 2026. The brief does not describe development assistance, lines of credit or ITEC training for Poland, so this article concentrates on the sectors the brief does address.

Mining and energy

According to the MEA brief of June 2026, Poland possesses reputed clean coal technologies, and Polish public sector companies have played a substantial role in the development of the mining and power sectors in India. The brief records that they collaborated in the reorganisation of some Indian collieries, besides supplying mining machinery, equipment, technical know-how and training.

Trainee engineers from M/s Coal India Limited have received training in Polish mines that specialise in intelligent mining. India and Poland signed a Memorandum of Understanding on 4 February 2019 in New Delhi to enhance bilateral cooperation in the coal and mining sector. The brief lists this as Cooperation in the area of Coal Mining (2019) among the operational agreements.

Agro-food processing

The brief states that Polish capabilities and advanced technologies in the food processing industry are well recognised. It suggests that Polish food processing companies and entrepreneurs could participate in the Mega Food Parks being set up in India.

A Joint Working Group on Food Processing has been set up. The operational agreements listed in the brief also include an Agreement on cooperation in agriculture and allied sectors (2017).

The operational agreements listed in the brief include the following in the fields of defence, security and law enforcement:

  • MOU on Defence Cooperation (2003)
  • Agreement on Cooperation in Combating Organized Crime and International Terrorism (2003)
  • Extradition Treaty (2003)
  • Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty in Criminal Matters (2022)

The brief gives no further detail on defence exchanges or on activities under these agreements.

Science, technology and digital cooperation

India and Poland have an Agreement on Cooperation in Science and Technology, dating from 1993.

Digital cooperation has featured in recent official visits. Secretary of State for Digital Affairs Michal Gramatyka visited India on 15-16 October 2024 to attend the World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly 2024 Conference held in New Delhi.

Mr Rafal Rosnicki, Under Secretary of State in the Ministry of Digital Affairs, visited India in November 2025 to participate in the Bengaluru Tech Summit. He returned in February 2026 for the AI Impact Summit in Delhi.

IT and ICT companies

The brief states that Indian and Polish IT and ICT companies complement rather than compete with one another. It records that around 11 Indian IT companies, employing more than 10,000 professionals, are currently active in Poland and run their Europe operations from there.

According to the brief, Indian companies have gauged opportunities in Poland for over a decade and have made it a destination of choice for near-shoring operations targeted at Europe. It says Infosys and HCL have a strong presence in Poland.

Health and pharmaceuticals

The two countries signed an Agreement on Cooperation in the field of Healthcare and Medical Sciences in 2009.

The brief describes the chemical industry as one of the major sectors of the Polish economy and notes that Poland is a net importer of chemicals. It cites Poland's strategic location, shortages in health care personnel and 25% growth in its pharmaceuticals market in recent years as creating opportunities for Indian exporters and investors. The brief names OTC drugs, food supplements and generic drugs as specific areas of opportunity.

According to the brief, Poland is dependent on India for active substances for critical medicines. It imports raw materials for the production of antibiotics, including:

  • salt of erythromycin, for the treatment of respiratory tract infections, skin, urinary tract infections and postoperative infections
  • acyclovir, for shingles and herpes
  • neomycin, used for wound infections
  • rifampicin, for tuberculosis